6. Island Universe – Opening Vignette

Chapter Reference Materials
APOD – M31 Cepheid Cosmic Hide and Seek Cosmic Times – 1929 Cosmic Times – 1929 Edition Cosmological Simulation of Galaxy Formation Curtis – Shapley Great Debate Events of 1923 Formation of Late-Type Sprial Galaxies Galaxy Formation – A Clumpy Affair Galaxy Origins – Strobel	Heirarchical Origin of Galaxy Morphologies Hierarchical Structure Formation History of Mount Wilson Observatory Hubble and Cosmology Milky Way – Components Milky Way – Gnedin Morphological Classification of Galaxies Simple Experiment Shows How the Universe Was Formed Spiral Structure	Spirals – Gronwall Spirals – Whittle The Father of Dark Matter Still Gets No Respect The Realm of the Nebulae – Pogge Tidal Streams in Andromeda Reveal History of Galactic Mergers Vera Rubin and Dark Matter Vera Rubin’s Dark Universe Where Did Today’s Spiral Galaxies Come From?

Chapter Reference Materials